Navigating Common Fertility Choices
- Ashlee
- Jul 9, 2025
- 6 min read
Updated: Jul 16, 2025
When navigating the world of fertility treatment, it's easy to feel overwhelmed with the endless list of complex decisions and new topics. In this blog post, we will explore key fertility treatment topics that can empower individuals or couples to make choices that reflect their personal preferences on their path to parenthood or fertility preservation. We’ll explore a few common topics such as the role of an ovulation predictor kit (OPK) in identifying fertile days, advanced techniques like Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and the benefits of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT). We will also discuss options for donor gametes, including donor sperm and eggs, and delve into the possibilities of embryo donation and using a gestational carrier for those unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy.
How can an Ovulation Predictor Kit (OPK) aid a cycle?
One helpful tool that individuals or couples can use to support their fertility journey is an ovulation predictor kit (OPK). OPKs are simple, accessible, and available over-the-counter without a prescription. They work by detecting a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) in the urine, which typically happens 24–36 hours before ovulation. This allows users to identify their most fertile days and better time intercourse or fertility treatments like IUI or timed intercourse.
However, it’s important to note that OPKs may not be reliable for everyone. People with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have elevated or fluctuating LH levels, which can lead to false positives or unclear results. Additionally, while many assume ovulation happens on day 14 of a typical cycle, research shows that only about 2% of people actually ovulate on day 14. That’s why tracking ovulation—whether with OPKs, basal body temperature, cervical mucus, or a combination—is a key part of understanding your unique cycle and optimizing timing for conception.
Should I use Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for fertilization?
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a fertilization technique that involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg. It’s commonly used alongside in vitro fertilization (IVF) for a variety of reasons, including male factor infertility, low sperm count or motility, previous fertilization failure, or when using frozen or surgically retrieved sperm.
What many people don’t realize is that as we age, the outer shell of the egg—the zona pellucida—can become thicker and more difficult for sperm to naturally penetrate. ICSI helps bypass this challenge, removing the need for the sperm to “work” its way in. It often increases fertilization rates and is a helpful option for maximizing the number of embryos available from a retrieval.
Some worry that ICSI might damage the egg, but with skilled embryologists and modern technology, the risk is lower than most assume. Still, outcomes can vary depending on the experience of the embryology lab performing the procedure.
It’s also worth noting that ICSI isn't the only method of fertilization in IVF. In cases where there are no known sperm issues and other factors are favorable, some clinics may offer conventional insemination—also known as traditional IVF—where eggs and sperm are placed together in a dish and fertilization occurs naturally. However, many clinics have protocols that require ICSI based on their own lab data and success rates.
What is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a valuable tool in the field of reproductive medicine that allows individuals and couples to gain further insights into the genetic health of embryos created through IVF. PGT involves the biopsy of ~3-6 cells from a day 5-7 Blastocyst embryo and subsequent analysis to detect genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal disorders (example: Down Syndrome) or single gene disorders (examples: SMA or Cystic Fibrosis). This testing can help identify embryos that are at a higher risk of implantation failure or miscarriage, as well as those free from specific genetic conditions. By selecting chromosomally normal (Euploid) embryos for transfer, individuals and couples can increase their chances of a successful pregnancy and reduce the risk of passing on certain genetic disorders to their children. PGT offers valuable information and empowers individuals and couples to make informed decisions throughout their fertility journey, but remember, ultimately the decision is yours!
***Helpful Pros & Cons List to Consider:
Pros of PGT:
Reduces Risk of Genetic Disorders -- PGT can identify embryos with chromosomal abnormalities or specific inherited genetic conditions, helping reduce the risk of passing on serious genetic diseases.
Improves Implantation and Live Birth Rates -- By selecting genetically normal (Euploid) embryos, PGT can increase the likelihood of successful implantation and reduce miscarriage rates—especially for those with recurrent pregnancy loss or advanced maternal age.
Fewer, More Targeted Transfers -- With PGT, fewer embryo transfers may be needed to achieve a pregnancy, potentially reducing the emotional, physical, and financial toll of
multiple IVF cycles.
Cons of PGT:
Not Always Accurate or a Guarantee -- PGT is not 100% foolproof—false positives and false negatives (while rare) can occur. Also, unfortunately, failed transfers or miscarriages can still result with the use of a Euploid embryo.
Cost -- PGT increases the overall cost of an IVF cycle and is not always covered by insurance.
Timeline -- PGT requires freezing all Blastocyst embryos while awaiting results, which can delay a desired transfer. Depending on the Lab, results can take ~2-3 weeks.
What options exist for Donor Gametes?
For individuals or couples who are unable to conceive using their own gametes (the term gametes = sperm or eggs), for individuals wanting to be single parents, or for the LGBTQ+ population; donor eggs or sperm can offer a viable solution. Donor sperm can be utilized in conjunction with IVF or IUI, while the use of donor eggs can only be utilized alongside an IVF cycle. You have many options when using donor gametes - fresh vs previously frozen eggs, using an anonymous donor from a cryobank, using a known/directed donor (ie: friend or family member), etc… All options have their pro’s and con’s, and unfortunately sometimes added cost and hoops to jump through. Go in with an open mind and trust the process!
***Don't know where to start? Check out below for highly rated sperm and egg banks (and, no, we have zero affiliation with any of these):
Sperm Banks:
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Offers a wide selection of donors and strong international shipping capabilities.
Egg Banks:
Nationwide reach, flexible packages, and strong partnerships with fertility clinics.
One of the largest networks, with a focus on rigorous screening and genetic testing.
Offers global egg donation services.
When should I consider Embryo Donation?
Embryo donation is a fertility treatment option where individuals or couples receive donated embryos from individuals or couples who have completed their family-building journey through IVF. These donated embryos, created from the combination of donated eggs and sperm, are transferred to the recipient's uterus for implantation. Embryo donation provides an opportunity for individuals or couples to experience pregnancy and childbirth, even when using their own gametes is not possible.
***Important note: Many fertility clinics do not allow the use of embryo donation if using a Gestational Carrier or Surrogate. Inquire about this early, if this is your desired path.
When should I consider using a Gestational Carrier?
For individuals or couples who are unable (or don't desire) to carry a pregnancy themselves, the use of a gestational carrier, also known as a surrogate, can be a viable option. A gestational carrier is a person who carries the pregnancy on behalf of another individual or couple. In this arrangement, embryos created from the intended parents' gametes or donated gametes are transferred to the gestational carrier's uterus, and they carry the pregnancy to term. Gestational carriers offer hope for individuals or couples who may have medical conditions that prevent them from carrying a pregnancy or for same-sex male couples who wish to have a biological child. The legal requirements for using a gestational carrier differs from state to state and the matching/overall process can be tedious and expensive, but this is an amazing resource to have for patients wanting/needing to use it.
Conclusion
Understanding the various options available in fertility treatment can be empowering for individuals and couples on their journey to parenthood. From utilizing ovulation predictor kits (OPKs) to pinpoint fertile days, considering advanced techniques like Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) to enhance fertilization rates, and exploring the benefits of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) to select genetically healthy embryos, these tools provide valuable insights and increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. Additionally, options such as donor gametes, embryo donation, and gestational carriers offer hope and alternative paths to parenthood for those facing unique challenges. It's important to approach these options with an open mind, educate yourself, trust the process, and seek guidance from fertility professionals to make informed decisions.
About FertilitEase
FertilitEase provides RN-driven personalized educational coaching, injection teaching, and texting support that enables individuals to understand their fertility and pregnancy journeys and empowers them to advocate for their personal preferences. All services are delivered by registered nurses who have extensive clinical experience working with patients at leading fertility practices. Please visit our Services page for more detail or Get Started with us today!
